The Caltech Submillimeter Observatory was a pioneer in the development of submillimeter astronomy back in the early 1980s.   The story of that development told here is one of hard work, ingenuity, and great creativity. 

 

THE CALTECH SUBMILLIMETER OBSERVATORY - by Thomas Phillips

 

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CSO - by Walter Steiger

 

THE HISTORY OF CSO HETERODYNE RECEIVERS - by Jacob Kooi